The Flat Earth Psyop:
Everything Old is New Again
If you're reading this, you have hopefully already realized that the Flat Earth psyop is a discredit by-association
(D.B.A) strategy, what Miles likes to call 'black frosting.' What I hope to show in this
short paper is that it's not new and that's what it has always been. Of course it is not only a D.B.A
strategy, it's also a W.O.T strategy: used to waste our time. So much so that you should probably
stop reading this now and move on with your life. I'm not even joking. The only reason I'm writing
this is because I sent Miles some info on the original Flat Earth movement, and he thought it was
worth bringing it to the attention of his readers. I know he doesn't like wasting mine or other
people's time, so I agreed. But I promised myself to keep it short. I think it is sprinkled with
enough other useful information to make it worth reading.
A little background: when I was in 6th grade our teacher asked us to debate Flat Earth. Nobody else
in the class wanted to take the Flat Earth side, so I volunteered and ended up winning the debate
against the entire class. Of course that doesn't mean I believe in Flat Earth. It just means that the
fact that (apparently) so many people have been convinced the Earth is flat shows they don't have
better than a 6th grade grasp of science and math. It also means that it is pretty easy to win such a
debate with low-level debating tricks. As I learned later in debating class, debating has nothing to
do with truth. It has to do with mastering a few tools of discourse.
Flat Earth may seem beguiling for some, I suppose. For those who have come to realize that they
are surrounded by lies, being lied to about the shape of the Earth seems like the logical next step.
But keep your guard up and don't fall for it. Flat Earthers will tell me that I should keep an open
mind and really give it a chance. But I did. I figured if I could win a debate against my entire 6th
grade class, then there must be some compelling arguments. Well, there aren't. I spent two solid
days of my life looking into it, searching in vain for something that could not be easily shown to be
false, and I'm still angry about losing that much time to such drivel. If you find yourself falling for
fallacious FE arguments, you can check out this youtube channel or read this exhaustive debunking of Eric Dubay's “proofs” the Earth is flat.*
And of course don't forget the most decisive argument
against Flat Earth:
Anyway, the reason I even looked into the history of Flat Earth at all is that I was reminded that I
was helped in that debate by some junk mail my grandfather shared with me that had been sent to
him by the Flat Earth Society. That meant the that Flat Earth psyop had been going around for at
least a few decades at that time, and I figured it was probably promoted by spooks back then as it is
now. So anyway, on a lark waiting at the doctor's office recently I decided to crack open Wikipedia to find out more.
It turns out that the impetus for the original Flat Earth Society (the Zetetic Society) can be traced to
the 1849 pamphlet and 1881 book attributed to Samuel Birley Rowbotham. Tellingly, he went by
the moniker “Parallax”. Sounds like a modern online spook handle, doesn't it? These people don't
change much: they hate to exist under their own names and always have to hiding behind some
alias. Anyway, he apparently went up and down England trying to convince people the Earth was
flat. We are denied any information on Rowbotham's background, but it's worth noting that there
are 7 Rowbothams and 106 Birleys listed at thepeerage.com. The Wikipedia page on him details
many of the same lies, dissembling and rhetorical sleights-of-hand that one sees in the recent Flat
Earth renaissance.
The key to understanding who this Rowbotham was is where Wiki tells us that he started out as “an organizer of an Owenite commune in the Fens.” If you don't know why that's a towering red flag,
see Miles' paper on Engels and Owen. .
** [In fact, if you haven't read it, stop now and go read it. The
dirt on Owen starts at page 10.] It's not entirely clear which commune he was allegedly involved
with, but it was probably the Cambridgeshire Colony, which was founded by Methodist minister
William Hodson, who is a ghost but may have been related to another spook by the same name.
This colony clues us in on a few things about Owen and his movement, so it's worth a short detour.
To begin with, if we follow the link on Rowbotham's page to 'Owenism,' we get this:
Utopian socialist economic thought such as Owen’s was a reaction to the laissez-faire impetus of
Malthusian Poor Law reform... Owen’s Plan began as grandiose but otherwise not exceptionally
unusual workhouse scheme to place the unemployed poor in newly built rural communities.
The New Poor Law enacted in England in 1834 all but ended charity for the poor and required them
to work in workhouses. So basically the Owenite plan simply tried to put a sugar coating on the
idea of the workhouse. Conditions there were presumably only marginally better than conditions in
non-Owenist workhouses, but both followed the policy of 'less eligibility,' whereby the conditions in
workhouses had to be worse than conditions outside so there was a deterrent to claiming poor relief.
Don't get me wrong, I think the ideas of cooperatives and genuine profit-sharing are great. But
that's not what these tycoons like Owen had in mind, which Miles showed in his paper. Beyond
that, these schemes—including the Cambridgeshire Colony—appear designed to completely discredit the idea that businesses could be operated cooperatively. Note that every single one of the
socialist utopian communities mentioned on the Owenism Wikipedia page ended in failure fairly
quickly. [One of these was in Kendal, Ohio, whose Quaker residents included Mayhew Folger, his
sister and her husband, Thomas Coffin. All big spook families, as we have seen.]
As if being destined for economic failure was not enough to discredit the idea of cooperative
businesses and profit sharing, many of the people involved in these schemes promoted ideas and
lifestyles that were anathema to working-class values. For example, a Daily Mail article on the
Cambridgeshire Colony leads with this: 'The long-lost site of an infamous Victorian colony of “free
love” socialists which encouraged wife-swapping has been discovered by archaeologists.' Yes, I'm
sure wife-swapping went over really well with regular folk in 1835. Other Owenites promoted
radical atheism (another thing that Marx himself would later do to ensure that Marxism never
gained traction among the working class), vegetarianism and in some cases spiritualism, which was
of course a precursor to the Theosophy project.her
project set out to discredit socialism. Is it any wonder that an early organizer of one of these
communes went on to kick-start the Flat Earth project?
[Miles here: I did a little more research on Rowbotham. Unlike Josh, I find this paper quite
important: I probably get a lot more emails on the subject than he does. In fact, I got one today. It
is no use arguing science with these people, since they don't know any, but exposing the whole
project as a fraud should shut them up permanently. So connecting Flat Earth incontrovertibly to
the same crypto-Jewish families in the peerage that we have outed as responsible for all other scams
is an easy masterstroke. As we would expect, this Samuel Birley Rowbotham has been scrubbed
from the peerage and most genealogies. However, we do find a later Samuel Rowbotham from the
same area, who may be his son or other descendant. His wife was a Brocklehurst daughter of a
Bancroft, indicating links to the peerage. Another indication of this is that both Rowbotham and
his wife were from Macclesfield, Cheshire. Macclesfield Castle was built by the Dukes of
Buckingham, and this area of Cheshire has always had great wealth. At the time of our story,
Macclesfield was the largest producer of finished silk in the world, having 71 silk mills in 1832. Of
course this links us directly to the East India Company and the Jewish interests behind it. We also
find a Victor Samuel Rowbotham, b. 1884, who was connected to Johannesburg, South Africa,
indicating the same thing. His son was John Neville Rowbotham, and his father was Benjamin
Rowbotham, of Treforest, Wales. Treforest links us to the Crawshay family and the Halls, Barons
Llanover. Crawshay, Cornwall and Moser was a major ironworks firm in the 1800s, and Crawshay,
its head, is the one who built Cyfarthfa Castle. This also links us to the Jones and the Herberts,
Barons Treowen. Note the Owen there, which is not a coincidence. The 1st Baron was a Major
General before WWI.
Which leads us to the peerage, where we find several Rowbothams, including Bridadier Guy
Reginald Rowbotham, CBE. Also a George Rowbotham of Iffley (Oxford). These Rowbothams
are related to the Rhys and Faulkners.
But perhaps surprisingly, it is our Samuel Birley Rowbotham's middle name that really sets the
bells to ringing. There are 106 Birleys in the peerage, and they are from Blackburn, Lancashire.
Among them we find Joseph Hornby Birley, a sugar merchant at Newton in Makerfield. He is an
ancestor of actress Rosamund Pike. The Birleys are also closely related to the Peels. This is
important because at the time of our story, a Peel was Prime Minister. This indicates our Samuel
Birley Rowbotham was not only from the peerage in both the Birley and Rowbotham lines, he was
also closely related to Sir Robert Peel, Home Secretary and Prime Minister from 1822-46. Since
the Home Secretary is one of the head spooks, this explains how Rowbotham was recruited for this
project. Being an agent, it also explains why he is so well scrubbed in the mainstream documents.]
Other early Flat Earth promoters are also suspect, such as William Carpenter, who was also a Moss.
You can go to his page for more. The most prominent supporter, who also bankrolled the Zetetic Society, was Lady Elizabeth de Sodington Blount. In 1874 she married Sir Walter de Sodington
Blount, 9th Baronet, who is said to have been born on December 19, 1833. Judging by the
numerology alone, these were a couple of major spooks. According to Wikipedia, 'for nearly 400
years Sodington remained the principal seat of one of England’s most prominent families – Sir
Walter Blount even appears as a leading character in Shakespeare’s Henry IV.' Yes, Elizabeth's
husband was a direct descendant of Sir Walter Blount who was a supporter of John of Gaunt, Duke
of Lancaster. Read Miles's paper on Henry VII to see why that's a huge red flag.
[Miles again, with more on William Carpenter. We saw in my paper on the Carpenters (musical duo) that this name is another one from the families. They are prominent in the peerage as well. We find many William Carpenters there, though none born in 1830. We do however find one born in 1800, who had two sons, not listed. This is probably the one we seek, since he married a Forbes, daughter of the 5th Baronet. We would expect our Flat Earth spook William Carpenter to be the son of a Forbes, wouldn't we? His father was a graduate of Trinity College, a Reverend Doctor, a Chaplain on the Isle of Man, and later Vicar at St. Jude, Liverpool. That also sounds about right. William Carpenter's great-uncle was General Forbes, Lord High Commissioner of the Church of Scotland, and his uncle was a judge in the East India Company. The Carpenters had been the Earls of Tyrconnell in the 18th century, and they soon married the Beresfords, Marquesses of Waterford. Through the Beresfords they were closely related to the Stuarts and Lindsays. This is our link between Carpenter and Lady Blount, since the Blount Baronets were closely related to the Molyneux, who were closely related to the Forbes, who were related to the Stuarts, and so on. Lady Blount was probably bored and asked to assigned to some project. The Zetetic/Flat Earth Society being a low ranking project of little consequence, it was thought she couldn't do much harm.]
The moribund Zetetic Society was rebirthed as the Flat Earth Society in 1956 by Samuel Shenton. His genealogy is not available, but there are several indicators on his Wikipedia entry that he was following the same pattern. Most strikingly is that, despite having allegedly dropped out of elementary school and being a Flat Earth promoter, he was elected into the Royal Astronomical and Royal Geographic societies. This makes absolutely no sense, unless we understand that Shenton was actually enlisted as an ally of the scientific aristocracy. So we see the Flat Earth society coming right out of the Royal Scientific Societies in the 1950s, just as it is now coming right out of NASA and SpaceX. Apparently it had been decided long ago that accusing someone of being a Flat Earther would be a good way for the mainstream to discredit those who criticized accepted dogma. And now of course they are using it to discredit anyone who questions the propaganda that the Mockingbird media spoon feeds a dumbed-down populace. Everything old is new again.
[Miles, one more time: You will not be surprised to hear that there are also Shentons in the peerage, related to these same people. See Seymour Shenton, who married the daughter of General Maunsell in 1924. These Maunsells were the heads of Maunsell Bank, Limerick, and General Maunsell was of the East India Company. There are 1300 Maunsells in the peerage, and they are related to the Beresfords, de Veres, Beauchamps, Eyres, Flemings, Montagues, Livingstones, and Kers. Through the Beresfords, we can link the Shentons to the Carpenters, tying together those two agents in the same project across a century. Tellingly, a Yvonne Shenton married a Barclay in 1939, which of course links us to Barclays Bank. Her grandfather-in-law was the 11th Baronet Barclay of Pierston, CMG. An Elizabeth Shenton married a Dusautoy, and her grandson married a Bradshaw, daughter of a Stewart and a Hoare. Through the Hoares we link to the Rogers and Bennetts, eventually arriving at. . . Jennifer Aniston.
Which reminds us some current stars claim to be Flat Earthers, including Shaquille O'Neal, Kyrie Irving, Tila Tequila, and B.o.B. Looks like another blackwashing, since who is going to follow the scientific opinions of those folks? If you don't think NASA or SpaceX is 100% legit, you may be lumped in with those known brainiacs.
In looking into that, I tripped across something else strange. In this People Magazine article of 2017, we are told musician Thomas Dolby (She Blinded Me with Science) accepted membership in the “reconvened” Flat Earth Society of 2009 as member #1—despite not believing in Flat Earth. Even weirder is the name of the head of the reconvened Flat Earth Society: Daniel Shenton. You will say he is just the son or grandson of Samuel Shenton. You would think so, but that isn't the story. People tells us Daniel only started doing research into Flat Earth in the 1990's, cued by Dolby's album of 1984. If Daniel were the son of Samuel, you would think he would already know about Flat Earth, right?
And why would Flat Earth reconvene in 2009? Was some new use for Flat Earth discovered in 2009? Or should I say, is it just a coincidence that 2009 is when my science site really lit up, gaining traction in the mainstream? Remember, my first book came out in 2010, in response to mainstream demand, and to compile the huge number of important science papers I had written in the past five years. You will pardon me for seeing Flat Earth as a direct response to my arrival on the scene. It was tailor-made to address just the sort of danger I am posing to the mainstream, and it has always been aimed directly at me. They have been trying to tar me with this baby from the beginning, though it has never stuck to me for a moment. It is as if I am slathered in tasty butter, which no tarbaby can stick to. That's just the way it is, and the way it will remain, so you may as well retire the project, guys. It is just embarrassing that this is all you've got to answer me with. In trying to tarnish me, you just end up burnishing me and varnishing me. Maddening, isn't it?
*Dubay has offered the following argument (not original to him) to explain why the powers that be (Freemasons in his telling) would try to trick us into believing the Earth was a globe: “by removing Earth from the motionless center of the universe, the Masons have moved us physically and metaphysically from a place of supreme importance to one of complete nihilistic indifference. If the Earth is the center of the universe then the ideas of God, creation, and a purpose for human existence are resplendent but if the Earth is but one of billions of planets revolving around billions of stars and billions of galaxies, then the ideas of God, creation, and a specific purpose for Earth and human existence become highly implausible. So by surreptitiously indoctrinating us into their scientific materialist Sun worship, not only do we lose faith in anything beyond the material, we gain absolute faith in materiality, superficiality, status, selfishness, hedonism and consumerism.”
Sounds good on the surface, right? But there are at least two problems with this: First, do they really need Flat Earth to turn us into superficial materialists? No. They were doing that quite successfully with or without Flat Earth. Second, to explain all of the different things that contradict FE, proponents like Dubay have to come up with new and evermore convoluted explanations. There have been so many that FE theory at this point resembles a jerry-rigged Rube Goldberg contraption. But the idea that the Earth is a globe explains all these different phenomena in one fell swoop. Let's take a moment to consider this, because it really blows up the whole logic behind FE. If the Earth is flat, it means human beings are special, because God put us at the center of the universe. And yet, somehow, this flat Earth was constructed in an extremely elaborate manner so that it would be wholly consistent with the theory that we live on a spinning globe. So let's say you believe that God created the Flat Earth. Well that means that God created it purposely to make it seem as if it's a spinning globe. That means it's part of God's plan. Why would he do that to us? If we're so significant and so much at the center of the universe, then why wouldn't God create the Flat Earth in a way that is transparently, obviously flat. Is he in cahoots with the Masons?
Finally, I find it maddening that Flat Earth promoters always tell you to believe your own eyes. But then when you bring up visual evidence, such as the fact that boats disappear off the horizon from the bottom-up or that when there are clouds in the sky the sun appears to dip below them before setting off the distant horizon, they instead offer up some convoluted explanation about why you should not, in fact, trust your eyes.
** I came across an article by a Jewish socialist recalling an encounter with Engels that confirms Miles's contention that Engels was Jewish: 'He read to me in Russian and also a few lines in Yiddish from the Arbeiter Zeitung. “Do you think I can’t read loshn koydesh?” [note: in Yiddish that means “the holy tongue,” i.e., Hebrew] he asked…. “No wonder the capitalist press claims that I am also a Jew.”' So basically Engels spoke Yiddish and could read Hebrew and was rumored to have been Jewish at that time by newspapers (which were also owned by Jews). Also of interest in that article is in regards to Marx being Jewish. Of course the mainstream says he wasn't technically Jewish since his dad converted to Christianity before he was born and had Marx christened. But in this article the author also mentions meeting one of Marx's grown daughters, Eleanor: 'Once, standing with me among a group of our Jewish socialists, she put her arm around me and said, “We Jews have special obligations to work for the working class.” As the reader knows, her mother was Christian and even her father was raised as a Christian because his parents were baptized when he was still a small child. But she liked to refer to herself as a Jewish child.' I'd say we can take that as further confirmation of what Miles discovered in his paper on Jenny Marx.
http://mileswmathis.com/flat.pdf
[Miles again, with more on William Carpenter. We saw in my paper on the Carpenters (musical duo) that this name is another one from the families. They are prominent in the peerage as well. We find many William Carpenters there, though none born in 1830. We do however find one born in 1800, who had two sons, not listed. This is probably the one we seek, since he married a Forbes, daughter of the 5th Baronet. We would expect our Flat Earth spook William Carpenter to be the son of a Forbes, wouldn't we? His father was a graduate of Trinity College, a Reverend Doctor, a Chaplain on the Isle of Man, and later Vicar at St. Jude, Liverpool. That also sounds about right. William Carpenter's great-uncle was General Forbes, Lord High Commissioner of the Church of Scotland, and his uncle was a judge in the East India Company. The Carpenters had been the Earls of Tyrconnell in the 18th century, and they soon married the Beresfords, Marquesses of Waterford. Through the Beresfords they were closely related to the Stuarts and Lindsays. This is our link between Carpenter and Lady Blount, since the Blount Baronets were closely related to the Molyneux, who were closely related to the Forbes, who were related to the Stuarts, and so on. Lady Blount was probably bored and asked to assigned to some project. The Zetetic/Flat Earth Society being a low ranking project of little consequence, it was thought she couldn't do much harm.]
The moribund Zetetic Society was rebirthed as the Flat Earth Society in 1956 by Samuel Shenton. His genealogy is not available, but there are several indicators on his Wikipedia entry that he was following the same pattern. Most strikingly is that, despite having allegedly dropped out of elementary school and being a Flat Earth promoter, he was elected into the Royal Astronomical and Royal Geographic societies. This makes absolutely no sense, unless we understand that Shenton was actually enlisted as an ally of the scientific aristocracy. So we see the Flat Earth society coming right out of the Royal Scientific Societies in the 1950s, just as it is now coming right out of NASA and SpaceX. Apparently it had been decided long ago that accusing someone of being a Flat Earther would be a good way for the mainstream to discredit those who criticized accepted dogma. And now of course they are using it to discredit anyone who questions the propaganda that the Mockingbird media spoon feeds a dumbed-down populace. Everything old is new again.
[Miles, one more time: You will not be surprised to hear that there are also Shentons in the peerage, related to these same people. See Seymour Shenton, who married the daughter of General Maunsell in 1924. These Maunsells were the heads of Maunsell Bank, Limerick, and General Maunsell was of the East India Company. There are 1300 Maunsells in the peerage, and they are related to the Beresfords, de Veres, Beauchamps, Eyres, Flemings, Montagues, Livingstones, and Kers. Through the Beresfords, we can link the Shentons to the Carpenters, tying together those two agents in the same project across a century. Tellingly, a Yvonne Shenton married a Barclay in 1939, which of course links us to Barclays Bank. Her grandfather-in-law was the 11th Baronet Barclay of Pierston, CMG. An Elizabeth Shenton married a Dusautoy, and her grandson married a Bradshaw, daughter of a Stewart and a Hoare. Through the Hoares we link to the Rogers and Bennetts, eventually arriving at. . . Jennifer Aniston.
Which reminds us some current stars claim to be Flat Earthers, including Shaquille O'Neal, Kyrie Irving, Tila Tequila, and B.o.B. Looks like another blackwashing, since who is going to follow the scientific opinions of those folks? If you don't think NASA or SpaceX is 100% legit, you may be lumped in with those known brainiacs.
In looking into that, I tripped across something else strange. In this People Magazine article of 2017, we are told musician Thomas Dolby (She Blinded Me with Science) accepted membership in the “reconvened” Flat Earth Society of 2009 as member #1—despite not believing in Flat Earth. Even weirder is the name of the head of the reconvened Flat Earth Society: Daniel Shenton. You will say he is just the son or grandson of Samuel Shenton. You would think so, but that isn't the story. People tells us Daniel only started doing research into Flat Earth in the 1990's, cued by Dolby's album of 1984. If Daniel were the son of Samuel, you would think he would already know about Flat Earth, right?
And why would Flat Earth reconvene in 2009? Was some new use for Flat Earth discovered in 2009? Or should I say, is it just a coincidence that 2009 is when my science site really lit up, gaining traction in the mainstream? Remember, my first book came out in 2010, in response to mainstream demand, and to compile the huge number of important science papers I had written in the past five years. You will pardon me for seeing Flat Earth as a direct response to my arrival on the scene. It was tailor-made to address just the sort of danger I am posing to the mainstream, and it has always been aimed directly at me. They have been trying to tar me with this baby from the beginning, though it has never stuck to me for a moment. It is as if I am slathered in tasty butter, which no tarbaby can stick to. That's just the way it is, and the way it will remain, so you may as well retire the project, guys. It is just embarrassing that this is all you've got to answer me with. In trying to tarnish me, you just end up burnishing me and varnishing me. Maddening, isn't it?
*Dubay has offered the following argument (not original to him) to explain why the powers that be (Freemasons in his telling) would try to trick us into believing the Earth was a globe: “by removing Earth from the motionless center of the universe, the Masons have moved us physically and metaphysically from a place of supreme importance to one of complete nihilistic indifference. If the Earth is the center of the universe then the ideas of God, creation, and a purpose for human existence are resplendent but if the Earth is but one of billions of planets revolving around billions of stars and billions of galaxies, then the ideas of God, creation, and a specific purpose for Earth and human existence become highly implausible. So by surreptitiously indoctrinating us into their scientific materialist Sun worship, not only do we lose faith in anything beyond the material, we gain absolute faith in materiality, superficiality, status, selfishness, hedonism and consumerism.”
Sounds good on the surface, right? But there are at least two problems with this: First, do they really need Flat Earth to turn us into superficial materialists? No. They were doing that quite successfully with or without Flat Earth. Second, to explain all of the different things that contradict FE, proponents like Dubay have to come up with new and evermore convoluted explanations. There have been so many that FE theory at this point resembles a jerry-rigged Rube Goldberg contraption. But the idea that the Earth is a globe explains all these different phenomena in one fell swoop. Let's take a moment to consider this, because it really blows up the whole logic behind FE. If the Earth is flat, it means human beings are special, because God put us at the center of the universe. And yet, somehow, this flat Earth was constructed in an extremely elaborate manner so that it would be wholly consistent with the theory that we live on a spinning globe. So let's say you believe that God created the Flat Earth. Well that means that God created it purposely to make it seem as if it's a spinning globe. That means it's part of God's plan. Why would he do that to us? If we're so significant and so much at the center of the universe, then why wouldn't God create the Flat Earth in a way that is transparently, obviously flat. Is he in cahoots with the Masons?
Finally, I find it maddening that Flat Earth promoters always tell you to believe your own eyes. But then when you bring up visual evidence, such as the fact that boats disappear off the horizon from the bottom-up or that when there are clouds in the sky the sun appears to dip below them before setting off the distant horizon, they instead offer up some convoluted explanation about why you should not, in fact, trust your eyes.
** I came across an article by a Jewish socialist recalling an encounter with Engels that confirms Miles's contention that Engels was Jewish: 'He read to me in Russian and also a few lines in Yiddish from the Arbeiter Zeitung. “Do you think I can’t read loshn koydesh?” [note: in Yiddish that means “the holy tongue,” i.e., Hebrew] he asked…. “No wonder the capitalist press claims that I am also a Jew.”' So basically Engels spoke Yiddish and could read Hebrew and was rumored to have been Jewish at that time by newspapers (which were also owned by Jews). Also of interest in that article is in regards to Marx being Jewish. Of course the mainstream says he wasn't technically Jewish since his dad converted to Christianity before he was born and had Marx christened. But in this article the author also mentions meeting one of Marx's grown daughters, Eleanor: 'Once, standing with me among a group of our Jewish socialists, she put her arm around me and said, “We Jews have special obligations to work for the working class.” As the reader knows, her mother was Christian and even her father was raised as a Christian because his parents were baptized when he was still a small child. But she liked to refer to herself as a Jewish child.' I'd say we can take that as further confirmation of what Miles discovered in his paper on Jenny Marx.
http://mileswmathis.com/flat.pdf
