OCCULT THEOCRASY
BY LADY QUEENBOROUGH
(EDITH STARR MILLER)
CHAPTER XXVII
THE GOSPEL OF REVOLUTION
Apart from the Rosicrucians already mentioned, we see the foundation and growth of such societies as :
1. The Strict Observance of the Baron Hund and the notorious Jew Leucht who had assumed the name of Johnson, and several other aliases. It recruited its members in the Lodges and went from occultism into political intrigue, later even formulating a plan of economic and financial rule.
2. The Martinists, which, founded by a Portuguese Marrano Jew, Martinez Depasquale, united political intrigues, fomented for the overthrow of the monarchy, together with magical practices. It numbered among its members the chief politicians who prepared the French Revolution. These were Savalette de Lange, William Law and Mirabeau.
3. The Scottish Rite.
4. The Moravian Brothers.
5. The Alta Vendita.
6. The Egyptian Rites of Cagliostro (Mizraim).
The adepts of all these different rites knew but little beyond the fact that they had shaken off the yoke of Christian principles which were replaced by the cult of nature, and in almost all cases licentiousness. They 'Were but mere puppets manipulated by unseen men whose sinister aims were the destruction of Christianity and disruption of States and to whom all the above named orders or organizations were but so many recruiting grounds. It was only when each and all had gathered sufficient strength that the " Invisible Masters " attempted to unite them all under one supreme sway, namely that of Illuminism at the Convent of Wilhelms-badin 1782.
Illuminism represented the efforts of the heads of the powerful Jewish Cabal which has ever striven for the attainment of political financial, economic and moral world dominion. The movement had been founded in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt. Bernard Lazare, himself a Jew, has written that " There were Jews behind Weishaupt ", and upon a close study of Illuminism, we find that the destructive forces which culminated in the French Revolution were of three kinds ; financial, intellectual and anti-christian.
In the first class, we come upon the names of Jewish Financiers such as : — Daniel Itzig, Friedlander, Ceerf-beer, Benjamin and Abraham Goldsmid, Moses Mocatta, Veitel Heine Ephraim.
In the second category, we find Moses Mendelssohn, Naphtali Wessely, Moses Hersheim — who are the inspirers of Lessing — Friedrich Nicolai, Weishaupt, Mirabeau, lAbbe Gregoire, the Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbutteL and Anacharsis Clootz.
Lastly, the third class is composed mostly of the group known as the Encyclopedists : dAlembert, Diderot, Rousseau, Voltaire and of all the Cabalists practising magic and among whom we find : Martinez Depas-qualy, Leucht, the enigmatic Count of Saint Germain, Falke and Joseph Balsamo surnamed Cagliostro.
The objects of this powerful organization of the Bavarian Illuminati, were :
1. The destruction of Christianity and of all Monarchical Governments ;
2. The destruction of nations as such in favour of universal internationalism ;
3. The discouragement of patriotic and loyal effort branded as narrow minded prejudice, incompatible with the tenets of goodwill to all men and the cry of " Universal Brotherhood ";
4. The abolition of family ties and of marriage by means of systematic corruption ;
5. The suppression of the rights of inheritance and property.
Moses Mendelssohn, himself the head of the Haskalah, (Jewish Illuminati) cooperated with the Bavarian Illuminati of Weishaupt and with the prominent members of the other revolutionary secret societies aspiring to political power, but, in 1784, the Elector of Bavaria made an abortive effort to stamp out the conspiracy which, being international, was necessarily impervious to local measures. The poison of subversion was working in France where on January 21, 1793, it culminated in the death on the scaffold of Louis XVI, an event that in masonic jargon is known as " The second cannon shot ". The capture of Rome by Cadorna in 1870 was the third.
As a further confirmation of concerted masonic action let us bring yet another illustration:
In the first days of the French Revolution (1848), 300 Freemasons, with their banners flying over brethren of every rite representing French Freemasonry, marched to the Hotel de Ville, and there offered their banner to the Provisional Government of the Republic, proclaiming aloud the part they had just taken in the glorious Revolution.
M. de Lamartine made them this answer, which was received with enthusiasm by the Freemasonry Lodges: " It is from the depths of your lodges that the ideas have emanated, first in the dark, then in the twilight, and now in the full light of day, which have laid the foundations of the Revolutions of 1789, 1830, and 1849. " 1
Fourteen days later, a new deputation of the " Grand Orient ", adorned with their Masonic scarfs and jewels, repaired to the Hotel de Ville. They were received by A. Cremieux 2 , and Gamier Pages, attended by pages, who also wore their Masonic emblems. The Representative of the Grand Master spoke thus : — " French Freemasonry cannot contain her universal burst of sympathy with the great social and national movement which has just been effected. The Freemasons hail with joy the triumph of their principles, and boast of being able to say that the whole country has received through you a Masonic consecration. Forty thousand Freemasons in 500 lodges, forming but one heart and one soul, assure you here of their support happily to lead to the end the work of regeneration so gloriously begun ". Brother Cremieux, a Jewish brother, member of the Provisional Government, replied : " Citizens and brothers of the Grand Orient, the Provisional Government accepts with pleasure your useful and complete adhesion. The Republic exists in Freemasonry. If the Republic do as the Freemasons have done, it will become the glowing pledge of union with all men, in all parts of the globe, and on all sides of our triangle. "3
If the wielding of power and their national political economic and financial strength over the peoples by a few hidden hands can result in such calamitous upheavals as the French Revolution, the World War of 1914 and the Russian Revolution of 1917, were it not wise to apply the lesson of experience to ascertain whether the supposed harmless Masonry of today does not again serve as a screen or curtain behind which thrive secret societies no less subversive, revolutionary and demoralising than those which we have just so briefly sketched?
We know that most of them such as the Martinists, the Illuminati's, the Scottish Rite and the Egyptian Lodges of Memphis and Mizraim still exist today, so, on what grounds can we base our assumption of a change of their revolutionary and anti-christian principles? In the face of late events, namely, the Peace Conference, the creation of the League of Nations, the amalgamation of international resources, the confiscatory inheritance taxes, the development of international finance, the proposed establishment of an international non-christian cult, have we the right to refrain from lifting the veil of Masonry behind which subversive movements are so conveniently hidden?
CHAPTER XXVIII
THE PREPARATION
This chapter is compiled largely of extracts, some transcribed verbatim and others elaborated to include information necessary to the reader from :
— History of Freemasonry and Concordant Orders by H. L. Stillson & W. J. Hughan.
Adriano Lemmi by Domenico Margiotta 33°.
Ex-Secrétaire de la Loge Savonarola, de Florence ;
Ex-Venerable de la Loge Giordano Bruno, de Palmi ;
Ex-Souverain Grand Inspecteur General 33° degree, du Rite Ecossais Ancien et Accepté; Ex-Souverain Prince de l'Ordre (33° 90° 95°) du Rile de Memphis et Misraim de Naples ; etc. etc. Ex-Inspecteur permanent et Souverain Délégué DU GRAND
DIRECTOIRE CENTRAL DE NAPLES, POUR L'EUROPE (Haute-Maconnerie Universelle).
It is necessary to give a brief review of the history of Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rites. This society originates from the rite called Scottish of Perfection or of Heredom, in twenty-five degrees, worked in the eighteenth century in Europe by Masons devoting themselves to occultism. The following statement with regard to the introduction of this rite in America is made in a report by Albert Pike :
" We can soon learn how it was that the Council degrees came, about 1766, from France, and not from Prussia. In 1761, the Lodges and Councils of the superior degrees being extended throughout Europe, Frederic II (Frederick the Great), King of Prussia, as Grand Commander of the, Order of Princes of the Royal Secret, or 32 degrees, was by general consent acknowledged and recognized as Sovereign and Supreme Head of the Scotch Rite. " 1 "
On the 25th Oct. 1762, the Grand Masonic Constitutions were finally ratified in Berlin and proclaimed for the government of all Masonic bodies working in the Scotch Rite over the two hemispheres; and in the same year they were transmitted to the Jew, Stephen Morin, who had been appointed, at the request of Lacorne, in August, 1761, Inspector General for the New World by the Grand Consistory of Princes of the Royal Secret, convened at Paris, under the presidency of Chaillon de Joinville, representative of Frederic (the Great) and Substitute General of the Order. 2 It will be remembered that the 33rd degree was not then created; and under Frederic the Great, there was no rank higher than the 32nd degree nor anybody superior to a Consistory. " 3
Morin went to Santo Domingo where he was joined by Moses M. Hays and Henry Andrew Francken. The latter founded a branch of the rite in Jamaica, while to the former was entrusted the task of founding lodges in North America. The Jew Hays established a Sublime Lodge of Perfection in Boston, of which he constituted himself Grand Master and charged one of his co-religionists, and brother Mason, Isaac Dacosta, who, in 1758 had founded the St. Andrew Lodge in Boston, with the mission of introducing Masonry into South Carolina.
Though on August 27, in 1766, Bro. Morin's patent was revoked by the Grand Body in Paris for " propagating strange and monstrous doctrines " exercising bad faith etc., etc. 4 , and given to Bro. Martin, Morin continued constituting chapters and councils and, with Dacosta, in 1783, seventeen years after his patent had been annulled, he erected in Charleston " The Grand Lodge of Perfection ".
[....Sovereign Grand Inspector General, The 33rd and ultimate degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. It is not known when or where this grade originated. The theory which ascribes it to the King of Prussia has long since been discarded by intelligent Masons. The number of Inspectors in a kingdom or republic must not exceed nine. These, organized in a body, constitute the Supreme Council, which claims jurisdiction over all the Ineffable and Sublime degrees. The presiding officer is styled Sovereign Grand Commander.
See also Blanchard 33, Scottish Rite Masonry, vol. II, p. 484.
" And though made within the memory of men now living, we read, in the same Note by Macoy : It is not certainly known, when or where this degree originated ; that is to say, its origin is concealed. This is the most infamous Masonic act, next to burning their records of fifty-nine years before the war, (American Civil War) to hide treason. But slavery then ruled the country, and this 33rd Charleston degree ruled the lodge. And the Southern lodge-rooms worked up the most unjustifiable and infamous war on record. The Southern people "were dragooned into it, by leaders secretly sworn to obey Masonic leaders, or have their throats cut. "....]
Dacosta was its Grand Master. Joseph M. Meyers was his eventual successor, and " when the Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem was established in Charleston, February 20, 1788, he, as one of the Deputy-Inspectors who established it, deposited in the archives certified copies of the degree of Royal and Select Masters from guidance and government of that new body. " 5
The two Masonic powers of Boston and Charleston created numerous lodges and inner shrines in the United States and gave themselves the title of Mother Lodges of the United States.
In view of the historical fact that the American War of Independence broke out in 1773, it is interesting to find that the Lodge of Perfection, at Albany (New-York), was directed as early as 1770 to transmit reports to Berlin. 6 This indeed becomes significant when considered with the circumstances surrounding the " Boston Tea Party ", which are so ably described in The History of Freemasonry and Concordant Orders by Stillson and Hughan, that we take the liberty of here transcribing some lines from this remarkable publication : 7
" Grand Master (Joseph) Warren was appointed on March 3, 1772, by the Grand Master of Scotland, Grand Master of Masons for the Continent of America.
" Tradition says that the ' Mohawks ', the ' High Sons of Liberty ', met at the lodge at the ' Green Dragon Tavern' which was denounced by the Tories as a nest of traitors '. General Joseph Warren and other leading Masons made it the headquarters of the Revolution. On November 30, 1773, the Lodge of St. Andrew's (that founded by Dacosta and of which Warren was a member) was closed without the transaction of any business, in consequence of the fewness of the brethren present, the consignees of tea having broken up the brethren's nerve. On the 16th of December following, it is said the line of march was taken from the lodge-room to destroy the tea on the then arriving ships.
" On April 8, 1776, the Grand Lodge was convened for the performance of a sad and solemn duty, that of attending the funeral of Grand Master Warren, who was killed at Bunker Hill."
In 1738, Pope Clement XII had excommunicated the Freemasons.
We extract the following instructive points from Adriano Lemmi by Margiotta : 8
" Sovereign Princes of Jerusalem was the title born by the deputies of the Grandmaster when they received missions to found lodges and visit regions where they had high jurisdiction. The name was that of a function and not a degree of initiation and there was one deputy only for each region. On May 15, 1781, at a convention of Deputy Inspectors convoked by Hays and Meyers at Philadelphia, Moses Cohen was named deputy inspector of Jamaica, as Francken, originally appointed by Stephen Morin to found lodges there, had neglected his mandate. Soon another Jewish Freemason came to Jamaica. This was Hyman Isaac Long who derived his powers from Morin, through Francken, Hays, Spitzer and Moses Cohen, and who was to play a great role in the sect.
" The convention of Philadelphia had decided that, in the future, there might be several Sovereign Princes of Jerusalem per region. By virtue of this decision, Moses Cohen conferred this title on Isaac Long who, finding his sphere of action too restricted at Jamaica soon went to Charleston. He was an active man who had formed great plans. Not only did he create other Lodges, but he brought other rites (such as that of Royal Arch) under the obedience of the Mother Lodge at Charleston. The Mother Lodge at Boston however did not prosper.
" Nevertheless, when one thinks of the immense territory of the United States, one understands that the Lodges, at the start, could only be very few and far between, so masonry vegetated for a long time in North America. In 1795, Isaac Long went to Europe, leaving Colonel John Mitchell the direction of the Mother Lodge of Charleston.
" When he returned to the United States, six years later, he brought the plan of his great idea, which was the creation of a rite of 33 degrees destined to become universal. With Colonel John Mitchell, Doctor Frederic Dalcho, Abraham Alexander, Isaac Auld and Emanuel de la Motta, all Sovereign Princes of Jerusalem, he constituted this rite, taking twenty-five degrees of the system of Heredom, six Templar grades in which were merged four degrees borrowed from the German Illuminism 9 of Adam Weishaupt, and two grades called grades of administration, the last of which supplanted the function of Deputy Inspector (Sovereign Prince of Jerusalem) and took the title of Sovereign Grand Inspector General 33rd and last degree. This was his crowning achievement. Isaac Long gave the institution the name of Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rites, and the first great constitutions were signed at Charleston, on May 31st 1801."
It was Isaac Long who created de Grasse and his father-in-law, de la Hogue, Deputy Grand Inspectors General.
" In order to insure great popularity for the rite, he linked it directly with the Templars by a mysterious legend. The high grades of other rites had already thought of pretending to avenge the Templars, condemned in the Middle Ages by the Papacy and the Monarchy. In the ceremonial of certain initiations, a pretext was thus contrived for swearing hatred and death to royalty and the church.
But Isaac Long had found better than that.
According to the tradition, the Knights Templar, convicted of secret conspiracy and maleficent occultism, had taken refuge in Scotland where they succeeded in eluding their pursuers. It was said that they had succeeded in buying the head of the Grand Master Jacques Bourguignon de Molay from the executioner, after it had been severed from the body and that they had contrived to place in safety the monstrous idol called Baphomet which they worshipped in their secret assemblies.
When Long arrived in Charleston in 1801, he brought with him this Baphomet which he claimed to have recovered as well as a skull which he declared to be that of the Grand Master Molay. They were signal relics, holy things! Long affirmed that he had been assured by the Good God in person that victory over the Church was contingent on these precious relics, and that the Templar Baphomet was the Palladium which would lead Freemasonry to victory."
To this other authors have added that this skull is known as the relic of Saint Jacques and is placed upon a high pedestal in the Hall of the Supreme Council of Scottish Rites, in the temple at Charleston, where annually, on the 11th of March, it talks and vomits flames.
Its conversational propensities were however not revealed until Gallatin Mackey, who claimed to be the reincarnation of Jacques de Molay, developed the proclivity for going into an annual trance on the 11th of March. This trance lasted about one hour, during which the skull conversed volubly about itself and all sorts of other things.
Pursuing the subject further, Margiotta states that:
" The Mother Lodge of Boston had ceased functioning for some years but that of Charleston, reconstituted according to the new Scottish System in 33 degrees, became the root of the tree which was to spread its branches over the entire world. The Superior Lodge of the Grand Sovereign Inspectors General, in each country, was to be called the Supreme Council, and it is from the Supreme Council of Charleston that all the others were to emanate. It is thus the first Supreme Council of the Globe.
" Such is the history of the origin of this rite which attracted Mazzini's attention for, during the years which preceded the taking of Rome by the army of Piedmont, he could see that the provisions of Isaac Long had been realized. So it was in Pike, the successor of Long, himself the Sovereign Commander Grand Master, that the great revolutionary conspirator sought an ally in his work the object of which was the total destruction of the church. " 10
The following address,11 issued from Paris by Giuseppe Mazzini 12 to his friends in Italy, October 1846, fully sets forth the deep laid plans by which Freemasonry sought to engage all classes.
" In great countries, it is by the people we must go to regeneration ; in yours, by the princes. We must absolutely make them of our side. It is easy. The Pope will march in reform through principle and of necessity ; the King of Piedmont through the idea of the crown of Italy; the Grand Duke of Tuscany through inclination and irritation ; the King of Naples through force ; and the little princes will have to think of other things besides reform. The people yet in servitude can only sing its wants. Profit by the least concession to assemble the masses, were it only to testify gratitude.... Fetes, songs, assemblies, numerous relations established among men of all opinions, suffice to make ideas gush out, to give the people a feeling of its strength and render it exacting... Italy is still what France was before the Revolution ; she wants, then, Mirabeau, Lafayette, and others. A great lord may be held back by his material interests, but he may be taken by vanity. Leave him the chief place whilst he will go with you. There are few who would go to the end.
" The essential thing is, that the goal of the great revolution be unknown to them ; let us never permit them to see more than the first step. In Italy, the clergy are rich in money and the faith of the people. You must manage them in both those interests, and as much as possible make their influence of use.
" Learned discussions are neither necessary nor opportune. There are regenerative words which contain all that need be often repeated to the people. Liberty, rights of man, progress, equality, fraternity, are what the people will understand above all when opposed to the words, despotism, privileges, tyranny, etc., etc.
" Nearly two thousand years ago, a great philosopher, called Christ, preached the fraternity which the world yet seeks. Accept, then, all the help offered you. Whoever will make one step towards you must be yours till he quits you. A king gives a more liberal law ; applaud him, and ask for the one that must follow. A minister shows intention of progress ; give him out as a model. A lord affects to pout at his privileges ; put yourself under his direction if he will stop, you will have time to let him go : he will remain isolated, and without strength against you, and you will have a thousand ways to make unpopular all who oppose your projects. All personal discontent, all deceptions, all bruised ambition, may serve the cause of progress by giving them a new direction. The army is the greatest enemy to the progress of socialism. It must be paralysed by the education of the people. Clerical power is personified in the Jesuits. The odium of that name is already a power for the socialists. Make use of it. Associate! Associate! everything is in that word. The secret societies give irresistible strength to the party that can call upon them. Do not fear to see them split: the more the better. All go to the same end by different ways. The secret will be often violated ; so much the better ; the secret is necessary to give security to the members, but a certain transparency is needed to inspire fire to the stationary.
Courage, then and persevere! "
That Freemasonry has not always enjoyed immunity the following quotation will serve to show.
" In the year 1735, the States General of Holland proscribed the secret Masonic League, and the French government imitated the example in 1735. In 1757, in Scotland, the Synod of Stirling adopted a resolution debarring all adhering Freemasons from the ordinances of religion.
" The Great Council of Berne proscribed Freemasonry in 1748, Bavaria followed in 1799, and its total suppression took place in 1845, The Regency of Milan and the Governor of Venice acted in a similar manner by it in 1814. John VI, King of Portugal, prohibited Freemasonry in the strictest manner in 1816, and renewed it in 1824. In 1820 several lodges were closed in Prussia for political intrigues ; and in the same year Alexander I banished the order from the whole Russian Empire. A similar occurrence took place four years later in Modena and Spain... Yet today, some men boast of belonging to a secret society, the members of which were declared, by an Act of George III, felons, and liable to transportation for life ! " 13
Speaking of Masons, in 1876, Richard Carlile wrote : " Let them not wait to be disbanded by the Legislature, as a useless and mischievous association : but let them anticipate the spirit of a coming age... The deluge of mystery has not only overwhelmed Babylon but Egypt, Greece, Rome, and will, if we do not light up the spirit of revelation in time, most assuredly overthrow this British nation. It is even now in danger, from the dissension of its internal mysteries, of becoming an easy prey to some more barbarously mysterious power. Thus fell Babylon, Egypt, Jerusalem, Greece, Rome, and why not Britain, if Britain retain those seeds of disease and weakness? Tell me not that the safety of a country is in its superstition, or in its secret and mysterious bands. " 14
This warning however passed unheeded. During the time that has elapsed between the publication of Carlile's book and the present day, we see England honeycombed with societies, subversive of law, order and morals.
Numerous are the homes which have become resorts where, today, the shameful orgies of Medmenham are enacted anew. They are the secret haunts of social cliques and associations, and behind such screens as art, antiques and dressmaking thrive, as though they were highly protected, the white slave traffic, the dope traffic and gambling which serve as a drag-net and decoy for the service of the Great God Pan.
CHAPTER XXIX
GENERAL PEPE AND THE " ONE BIG UNION "
At the present moment, when we are surfeited with the words unions and mergers, to say nothing of cartels, a new interest is awakened by the perusal of Thomas Frost's book on Secret Societies, from which we extract the following :
" Two results of great importance in the progress of the European revolution proceeded from the events that occurred at Naples in 1820-21. One was the reorganization of the Carbonari, consequent upon the publicity given to the system when it had brought about the revolution, and the secrecy in which it had hitherto been enveloped was no longer deemed necessary ; the other was the extension of the system beyond the Alps. When the Neapolitan revolution had been effected, the Carbonari emerged from their mystery, published their constitution and statutes, and ceased to conceal their patents and their cards of membership. In the Papal States, in Lombardy, and in Piedmont, the veil of secrecy was maintained for a little time longer, partly through the adoption by the Carbonari in those portions of the peninsula of symbols and passwords different from those of the Neapolitan lodges, partly by the formation of the various societies of the Adelphi, the Guelphs, the Brother Protectors, and the Italian Fede-rati, which were similar, and yet not the same, though all holding the same principles, and having a common object. But after the collapse of the Piedmontese revolution, so much doubt and fear existed among the leaders as to the extent to which the secrets of the system were known that they were all effaced, and consigned to oblivion. The scattered directors of the movement drew together the broken threads of the conspiracy as soon as they were able, but with a new nomenclature and a new symbolism." 1
The dispersion of the Carbonaro leaders had, at the same time, the effect of extending the system in France, where it had been introduced towards the end of 1820 and creating centres of revolutionary agitation in the foreign cities in which they temporarily located themselves.
General Pepe proceeded to Barcelona when the counter-revolution was imminent at Naples, and his life was no longer safe there ; and to the same city went several of the Piedmontese revolutionists when their country was Austrianized after the same lawless fashion.
Scalvini and Ugoni took refuge at Geneva ; others of the proscribed proceeded to London. This dispersion, and the progress which Carbonarism was making in France, suggested to General Pepe the idea of an international secret society, which should combine for a common purpose the advanced political reformers of all the European States.
Shortly after his arrival at Madrid, to which city he proceeded from Barcelona, he propounded to two or three ultra-Liberal deputies the plan of this society, the object of which, he says,
' was to enable the members to correspond and by these means preclude the possibility of a renewal of that want of union which had been experienced amongst the most noted patriots of Spain and Portugal, Naples and Piedmont. Several deputies of the Cortes were inclined to regard such an association as extremely beneficial to the public cause, more especially in their own peninsula, where a great want of concord existed between the Portuguese and the Spaniards. The society was accordingly founded; several members of the Cortes formed part of it, as well as General Ballesteros, Councillor of State. I still preserve the regulations of this society, the great object of which was to open a communication between the most enlightened patriots of the different cities in Europe. It was decided that I should exert myself to give it extension in Lisbon, London and Paris ; and that, in the event of my success, other members should proceed to propagate it over Italy and Germany. '
" Having organized in Madrid the first circle of the Constitutional Society of European Patriots, Pepe proceeded to Lisbon, where he was even more successful in his efforts than in the Spanish capital. Two of the Ministers, and several Councillors of State and members of the Cortes signified their adhesion, and, before Pepe left, a flourishing circle was formed, under the direction of Almeida-Moraes, the president of the Cortes. From Lisbon the general proceeded by sea to London, where, as he says, he soon found that 'a secret society in England among men of mind is a thing quite out of the order of probability '. He mentioned the society to a few, but met with no encouragement. The Duke of Sussex and Sir Robert "Wilson read the statutes and regulations of the society, but only as a matter of curiosity. "
This curiosity is doubtless responsible for the creation of what was later known as The International Committee of London. The particular Duke of Sussex, here referred to was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England from 1813-1843, and this interview with the Italian revolutionary is of great significance showing as it does the effort, at this date, to subvert English Freemasonry to the aims of The International. According to the system which worked out later, English Freemasonry retained, to all appearances, its original autonomy.
But to proceed with the statement of Frost :
" Pepe next opened a correspondence with Lafayette, who hailed the proposed international organization of the secret societies as ' a Holy Alliance opposed to that of despotism, ' and at once associated himself with it. He, with Manuel and Argenson, the triumvirate that was supposed to have directed the Associated Patriots of 1816, were earnestly engaged at that time in the reorganisation of the Carbonari of France, upon a new system, which promised more perfect impenetrability ; and Buonarotti was similarly engaged at Geneva, with a view to renewed operations in Italy. "
" It has been doubted whether Lafayette, Manuel 2 , and Argenson 3 , with others who were supposed to be the leaders of the Carbonari in France, were actually the chiefs of the society; and, with regard to Manuel at least, the point is not susceptible of positive demonstration. There are, in all countries, men of superior station who, when a collision between the people and the Government is impending, are aware of what is going on, and hold themselves prepared to step to the front when the movement has advanced to a point at which they can do so with advantage to the cause and safety to themselves ; but who take care not to commit themselves to it prematurely, or to allow any trace to exist of their connexion with it. This has been thought by some to have been the real position of the individuals whom others have asserted to have been the actual leaders of the Carbonari, as they had previously been held to be of the Associated Patriots ; but though there is no absolute proof that they were the Grand Elect there can be very little, if any, moral doubt upon the point. "
The Author of Secret Societies of the European Revolution writes the foregoing paragraph but fails to explain it.
Who and what are the men he refers to ?
Such indeed are the political principles adopted by the leaders of Freemasonry. Therein lies its power. As soon as any political movement becomes inevitable, as soon as public pressure on an existing government becomes too strong, this sect, in the name of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, takes the secret leadership of the opposing faction. Through the new government which becomes the subservient tool of its capricious master, who, at any moment, may suppress its fledgling, by creating and backing a new opposition, it holds, not the balance of power but all the power.
Thus : Those who rule Freemasonry today, rule the world.
And Frost further adds :
"In 1831, the French Government had not only proclaimed a policy of non-intervention, but had expressly declared that France would not permit intervention on the part of any other Power in the affairs of any nation in Europe. Lafayette was deceived by these professions, and assured Misley (the agent of the Masonic Revolutionary Committee) that the Italians had nothing to fear. "
In that year Masonry made an attempt to cast off the Austrian yoke in Italy by using France as its base of operations. Owing however to French non-cooperation the revolution failed.
" A few days afterwards, Misley and Linati arrived at Marseilles and chartered a vessel, aboard which they put a couple of cannon and twelve hundred muskets. They were joined by General Pepe, Count Grilenzoni, the advocate Mantovani, Dr. Franceschini, and Lieutenant Mori; but, at the last moment, the Prefect received a telegraphic order from Paris to prevent their embarkation and lay an embargo on the vessel. General Pepe evaded the vigilance of the police, however, and contrived to reach Hyeres, where he heard of the entrance of the Austrians into Bologna, and thereupon abandoned his intention of giving the aid of his reputation and experience to the revolutionary cause. "
In connexion with the agitation provoked in Piedmont, during the reign of Charles Albert, by Mazzini's " Young Italy " movement in 1848, the veteran General Pepe again comes into prominence. On March 29, 1848, he arrived at Naples, and was sent for by King Ferdinand who invited him " to form a Ministry, of which he should have the Presidency, with the Ministries of War and Marine. " Every difficulty however was thrown in the way of Pepe's projected military operations, " the Naval Department insisting that the fleet could not convey troops, the King interposing various delays and the Pope refusing permission for more than one battalion or squadron to pass daily. Seventeen thousand troops at last started, but with orders not to cross the Po until the King commanded the passage 4
There was much marching and countermarching but the secret societies had not yet won.
The tangled history of the " Young Italy " movement in its early stages is well explained by Thomas Frost in Secret Societies of the European Revolution, and anyone particularly interested in that phase of political history would do well to refer to this book. Due allowance must however be made for certain omissions and inaccurate deductions on the part of the author who, in 1876, could not have access to information which is now available to anyone seeking it.
next
ALBERT PIKE AND GIUSEPPE MAZZINI
notes
chapter 27
1. Gargano, Irish Freemasons and Their Foreign Brothers, p. 55.
2. The means for the attainment of Cremieux ambition are set forth in a book entitled Paris : Capitate des Religions, by Jean Izoulet.
3. Gargano, Op. cit.
chapter 28
1. John Yarker, The Arcane Schools, p. 480. -• " He (Morin) probably — ignorant charlatan as he was — mistook Frederick II, Grandson of Barbarossa, an actual King of Jerusalem, for his contemporary Frederick II of Prussia. "
2. The Comte de Clermont was Grand Master of the Grande Loge Nationale de France.
3. H. L. Stillson &W. J. Hughan, op. cit., p. 243. See also Morris's Masonic Dictionary, Article, " Sovereign Grand Inspector General".
4. Peckham, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rites, p. 6.
5. H. L. Stillson & W. J. Hughan, op. cit, p. 649.
6. Ibid., p. 801.
7. Ibid., p. 247.
8. Margiotta, op. cit, p. 86 et seq. Isaac Long was the son of Isaac Long, a Dutch writer, one of the foremost Moravian brethren, and closely connected with Count Zinzendorf.
9. The 9th, 10th, 11th and 21st degrees
10. Margiotta, op. cit., p. 88 et seq.
11. Michael di Gargano, Irish and English Freemasons, p. 66.
12. See Larousse: Grand Dictionnaire Universe I duXEC siecle. Mazzini. 1808-1872. He had become the chief of a particular sect much given to mysticism. Without being a catholic he was profoundly religious... In Oct. 1871, he organized in Rome a congress of workmen which attracted little attention. " I am not a christian.", he wrote to Daniel Stern.
13. Michael di Gargano, op. cit.
14. Carlile, Manual of Freemasonry, p. 94.
chapter 29
1. Thomas Frost, Secret Societies of the European Revolution, vol. II, p. 1 et seq.
2. Andre Jacques Manuel (1791-1857).
3. Marc-Rene de Voyer, Marquis d'Argenson, harboured Buonarotti, one of the group of conspirators led by Babeuf.
4 Thomas Frost, op. cit, vol. II, p. 174.
